aḥwac n taskiwin

 afgan amaziɣ, ittawssan s tayri nns i tẓuṛi d ufulki d tayri tasutin f tasutin ayad, tg tzdugi d igamiwn aɣbalu n iswingm nns lli s iẓḍa ifalan zwarn n tifras n tussna nns d tmagit nns tamaziɣt. iẓli ufgan amaziɣ aẓawan nns ɣ tlla tɣlaɣalt n isaffn n tayri d unaruz d tiddas awd  tumrt. ifk as mayan tudrt ibuɣlan s isyafatn n wafulki d iman iɣusn n tfganit, ifrk awd s watig n tirlli yattuyn, ifk as adɣar nns g usgd awd tasrtit, d tdamsa, tili awd ɣ uẓawan nns d tussna d tskla nns akkʷ.

 zɣ tmagit n tirlli ad zɣ ilal unaẓuṛ amaziɣ, lli yurmn kigan n izzʷgar n isaffn n tudrt s ma tla n ikʷlan. tg dars tudrt tamaziɣt tamgdudt ifri ɣ ad itt agʷm i tẓuṛi nns…ig unaẓuṛ g tffugliwin d tmɣriwin d tfaskiwin, tissit n tudrt n middn, isulf tasrtit d tskla d tdamsa d usgd s tẓuṛi nns, immaɣ a iml udm n tmagit nns i umaḍal, tamagit ann taẓawant, tamagit ann tasklant, tamagit ann iẓlin s ufgan amaziɣ ur iṭṭfn anaw.

- taẓuṛi n uḥwac :

(aḥwac) lli igan tamunt ig tarabbut ig awd udm n twizi yaḍnin. isman uḥwac tarabbut n ufgan d umarg d uẓawan, isman s ɣikan isyafatn n middn. ur iẓli uḥwac s urgaz awd tawtmt, ur igi win wid mẓẓiyn awd wid mqquṛn isman middn akkʷ, d ur igli middn s kra n uṭṭun, aḥwac ismun middn zɣ sin ar ifḍ n ufgan d uggar.

 tawalt n uḥwac tga assaɣ i maṛṛa tirabbutin n uẓawan d umarg lli ɣʷmanin s tmagit n tussna tamaziɣt, zund kullu iḥwacn n sus (amṣmudi), d iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar d ayt udrar, macc ur nẓḍaṛ a ngli (lunast, timdyazin n ḥmada, lɛiṭa, ḥuran, tahramt, lhit, lmlḥun, takriḥt, tafrraḥt n trudant…) g wassaɣ n uḥwac lliɣ fllas dwrn wanawn ad n uẓawan, d urt sul rwasn s kigan, gan iḥwacn ttɛṛṛbnin lli sun ur igin amaziɣ, acku iɣ nna aḥwac nukz nn kigan n iḥwacn lli llan inn s tutlayt tamaziɣt lli ilsan tamagit tamaziɣt, g sus d lḥuz d wasif n dra. waxxa illa uḥwac s kigan wanawn d kigan n ikʷlan d uẓawan macc iga yan s tɣarast nns iẓlin ɣ tussna tamaziɣt.

  anawn ad n iḥwacn mmrksnin llan g sus, aḥwac n ida usmlal ur igi aḥwac n awluẓ, illa kra n uzilal grasn ɣ uẓawan d uklu d tɣarast lli sa gis tt ḥucn. ilin tmnaḍin mqqar iga wassaɣ / ism yan, macc aḥwac ur igi yan, anawn n iḥwacn illan ɣ udrar n drn mqquṛn ur igi am iḥwacn illan g udrar n laṭlaṣ amṛwaṣu, ur mmrwasn ɣ izli awd imassn ula  ur gin yan ɣ uklu n trabbut d tɣarast n uḥwac. abṭṭu ad illan ngr aḥwac n udrar n drn mqquṛn d udrar amṛwaṣu d sus akkʷ d lḥuz, irwas is d ikka anaw n tzdgi d igamiwn lliɣ zdɣn imaziɣn, ig umzruy awd nttan zɣ a illi iffaln tifiras nns g tẓuṛi d tussna akkʷ.

  iḥwacn lli akkʷ illan ɣ tussna tamaziɣt mqqar gan anawn iggutn, iga yat tẓuṛi lli s tẓli tussna tamaziɣt, ig ayda lli d fln imzwura i ufgan dis yusin aklu n tɣrma d tmagit tamaziɣt.

 timlsit n uḥwac ur tgi yat, ku tamazirt man tmlsit lssan imurar g uḥwac. d kra iga tt tamurt tẓli tmlsit nnsn g tffugliwin nnsn d tmyurin nnsn, iɣ nẓṛa timlsit ɣ iḥwacn n ayt tmazirt n ‘waqqa’ d ‘tsktant’ d ‘ṭaṭa’ ur gin am timlsa n iḥwacn n ayt uzaɣar n tznit, d xtid akkʷ ur gint am tin lli lssan ayt udrar n laṭlaṣ, ig mayan a illi iẓlin s kra iga tt tamazirt. inawn ad n tmlsa d ikʷlan ad immrkksn g tmizar iga afulki lli tla tɣrma tamaziɣt, lli mi iṛcm umzruy tifras nns.

  aẓawan n uḥwac awd nttan immrkks iggut iga  anawn ɣ uḥwac amaziɣ. ilin sin wanawn n isaffn n uẓawan, amzwaru : aẓawan amaziɣ azayku, lli ur iffaɣn isaffn n umarg azayku amaziɣ, ig awd nttan sin wanawn yan iga aclḥi wis sin iga abudrar, d wanaw wis sin ɣ isaffn n uẓawan illa : aẓawan n tafriqt, lli igan aẓawan d ikkan agʷns n tfriqt lli imann g yan uklu n izli ar as tt inin ‘gnawa / tagnawit’.

  isaffn n uẓawan amaziɣ ar tn izuzzur (wallun), d isaffn n uẓawan n tfriqt ar tn izuzzur (ganga) iman dis awd wallun. aẓawan ad n tfriqt ar tin bahra nttafa g laṭlaṣ mẓẓiyn d ugʷns n iffus d iffus atawan.

  iḥwacn n umaziɣ llan f smmus n tiwal أشكال , mqqar iga uḥwac win irgazn waha niɣ iga win irgazn d tmɣarin niɣ win tmɣarin waha niɣ iga win tfrxin.

smmus n tiwal n iḥwacn ad gantnt :

amaɣʷd استقامة - wad ikʷnan  مقوس- sin imaɣʷdn mgabalnin استقامة متقابلة-  sin imaɣʷdn imsasan  استقامة متوازية- tasutlt iqnn دائرة مغلقة.

tiwal ad n uḥwac illa maɣ munnt ɣ yan wanaw n uḥwac, ili maɣ gis yat niɣ snat, illa daɣ maɣ issfal uḥwac s umaɣʷd idwr s tsutlt iqqnn, d iɣ issfal s sin imaɣʷdn mgabalnin ibṛṛm s tsutlt iqqnn, idwr s tiwal yaḍnin, ig uḥwac s iklli t iglli (uɛllam / ṛṛays), nttan ad asn immaln tizi nna ɣ rad tdwr twila n uḥwac s tayyaḍ, zɣ wad ikʷnan s umaɣʷd niɣ zɣ tsutlt ar sin ikʷnan. ili anaw n uḥwac lli itt ɣaman g yat twila, iɣama fllas ar d ikmml iwiz, iklli illan g kra n tasgiwin n sus.

  zɣ wanawn n uḥwac lli illan, ra nbdr, aḥwac n taskiwin.

- aḥwac n taskiwin :

‘ taskiwin ’, anaw n uḥwac amaziɣ, sul iddrn  ɣ gr urarn n middn ili sul g iffuglutn n imaziɣn izdɣn ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n udrar n drn, mqqar ittidras uḥwac ad ar ittmtat ɣ tmyurin nnsn.

  iga uḥwac ad n tskiwin ayda d fln imzwura imaziɣn i tussna n ufgan. tili dars tamatart iggutn ɣ iskkinn n tussna tamaziɣt, ifk wanaw ad n uḥwac tugga xf kigan  n imsarn izrin ɣ umzruy izdin d imnɣi. aḥwac n taskiwin ila addur akswat g tussna d fln middn n zik, ig tandra n iman nnsn g tizi n imnɣan nnsn, ig awd taɣlaɣalt nnsn d ikkan zikk n tasutin.

   aḥwac n taskiwin tgat ɣilad  unesco  ɣ uɣawas nns iẓlin s wayda d fln imzwura ɣ tussna n ufgan, d lliɣ ira uḥwac ad aḥṭṭu iggutn ḥma a iɣama ɣ tmyurt n ufgan amaziɣ ad ur immt.

aḥwac n taskiwin araɣ issktay amzruy nnɣ d imnɣan izrin ɣ tmnaḍt ann ɣ illa wanaw ad n uḥwac, d imussutn n tunnunt lli gis illan, lli aɣ issktayn tiddas d turrgza n irgazn ɣ imnɣi, ig uḥwac n taskiwin tullist tt allsn middn f imnɣi lli izrin.

ar ssfaln imussutn n uḥwac n taskiwin  s taɣḍft d tiggʷs ḥma ad kcmn i imnɣi (ijɣaym), d iɣ nn ukin f ufna (askkur - butska - ḥrrk uccn), d iɣ ukin iwutta d iḍṛṛasn, d iɣ gan imnayn (ahyyaḍ - lmizan - bjjr afullus), iɣ a ttllin s tmatart ifl ufna ɣ ḍaṛat nns, ar sis ttllin ( fttc akal), d iɣ rwln niɣ iɣ rkʷsn (amklb - hrd), d iɣ rnan imnɣi immt ufna ( ufuɣ - assuss). imussutn ad munn d uzduqqṛ n wawgaln, d usinṣg n tgʷmamt, d uẓawan n wallun.

 ar tt ḥwacn imurar aḥwac ad ɣ yat tsutlt iqqnn, acku imurar gan am imnayn lli itt qqln s ufna ad t glin, tg tsutlt ad tamatart n  twizi d tamunt n tqbilin  g ussan n imnɣi, ku yan zɣ trabbut ann ar itt bddad ɣ udɣar nns, iḥuwc iẓṛ awd imddukkʷal nns lli dis itt ḥwacn ɣ usays.

- ismawn n tqbilin g illa uḥwac n taskiwin :

(iṛuhaln - ayt dris - idaw izimmr - ida umḥmud - imntagn - ayt wadḥas - agʷnsan - imdlawn - tiguga - ida umṣattug - aɣbaṛ - amẓmiẓ - ayt cɛayb - ayt ḥddu yusf - ayt mḥnd - ayt tiksit…)

yusi uḥwac n taskiwin, ism n taskiwin, zɣ tiskt n izimmr iṛcmn s ifalan d ikʷlan lli tt ggan imarirn f tɣṛuḍt nnsn taẓlmaḍt.

inin imzwura mas tt inn kkan imarirn n uḥwac n taskiwin ar tt ggan lbaṛuḍ ɣ tiskt sslkmn tt i udwwaṛ  s wayyaḍ, mayad ɣ uzmz n imnɣi d fṛanṣa, awd iɣnan n tqbilin ɣ ɣad izrin, ula imnɣan ngr asn d tqbilin yaḍnin, nẓḍaṛ a nini mas ilul uḥwac n taskiwin g uzmz lliɣ ilul imnɣi igatn iɣnan ig imnɣi anzgum i tqbilin akkʷ.

  g uḥwac n taskiwin, ar tt ggan imarirn uggar n 20 n urgaz, lsan timlsa tumlilt (lfuqiyat / tcamir), biksn tt s icddadn iṛcmn s ikʷlan n ucnyal anamur, ig mayan tamatart i tamunt tanamurt, gn isk f iggi n tɣṛuḍt nnsn taẓlmaḍtn agʷln lkʷmmit f tsga, asin iwgaln d tilluna d tgʷmamin (laɛwwad), g tmyurt ar tt ggant tilluna n ilm kṛaḍt ɣ trabbut, asin ngr yan ar kkuẓ tigʷmamin, willi itt ɣaman zɣ imarirn n trabbut ar tt asin awgal i yan ar tkkatn ar tt ḥwacn.

- taɣarast lli sa sffuglun imaziɣn s uḥwac n taskiwin :

 ar ssfaln middn ad ḥuwcn taskiwin, ɣ tuẓẓumt n yiḍ, g usays niɣ dd asarag, ar ssrɣan imurar takat g yat tsga, ḥma ad sis ssrɣn tilluna nnsn d iwgaln nnsn, d a sis isfawn tuẓẓumt n usays, agʷln lambat n lgaz ɣ tɣʷmrin n usays, ar fllasn ittggʷa wayyur zɣ ddu tagut tiklit ar tayyaḍ, issaggʷ nn yat tsutlt azgn nns iga  irgazn  ilsan umlil, azgn wis sin llant gis tmɣarin, g tuẓẓmt n tsutlt ann ibdd (ṛṛays) d id bu tilluna, d id bu tgʷmamin, ssutln asn middn irgazn d tmɣarin d tḥudriyin d tazzanin ar smuqquln iwiz.

 tafruxt lli imẓẓiyn g timhḍḍṛin n taskiwin dars kkuẓ n isggʷasn, d tad imqquṛn gitsnt ura nn tzray sḍiṣ d mraw n usggʷas, iḍaṛn nnsn idltnt uḥayk umlil d iggʷzn zɣ takkʷst iṛcmn s ikʷlan isufan s umuzun, ar ittmussu s isufa n umuzun nns tizi nna tt ḥwacnt, ar ttmussunt talmṛjanin d tallubanin d iẓṛẓa n nqqʷṛt lli uglnt, gnt g imzgan nnsnt tigʷricin n nqqʷṛt igan zund tidiklt n ufus, ar asnt tt inin (imuḥidn). iẓḍaṛ ad d ikk ism ad amzruy aqbur n tgldit n imuḥidn(الموحدين) . lsnt i igʷyya nnsnt lmlf azggʷaɣ ilan iẓakkʷn ɣ llant twnziwin d lmcbaḥ n nqqʷṛt.

  irgazn awd nttni lsan lfuqiyat tumlilin (tcamir), sslsn i igʷyya nnsn taṛẓẓatin tumlilin, umẓnt ijjign f iggi n ignzi nnsn, g tɣṛuḍt taẓlmaḍt ugʷln icddadn izggʷaɣn yumẓn f iggi n tɣṛuḍt (tiskt) lli zɣ yusi uḥwac ad assaɣ nns. illa maɣ tga tiskt tin izimmr iɣʷman s ikʷlan ilan lmuzun, ili maɣ tga akccuḍ iɣʷman awd nttan s ikʷlan ila amuzun itt sufun, tg tiskt am lkʷmmit ar tt yakka ufus i wayyaḍ tasutin f tasutin. asin irgazn ɣ ifassn nnsn (awgal / atḥḥal) ar ti tnqqarn s ixfawn n iḍuḍan iɣ a tt ḥwacn, agʷln taqqʷrabt f tsga tafasit, agʷln lkʷmmit xf tsga taẓlmaḍt nnsn, biksn timlsa nnsn s ucddad azggʷaɣ ar as tt inin (tajbbadt). s ɣikan gnt tmɣarin timurar d irgazn imurar tasutlt ar tt ḥwacn ar tt nqqaṛn awgaln, ilin ɣ tuẓẓumt n tsutlt ann kkuẓ irgazn ar kkatn allun, d yan niɣ sin ar sinṣign ɣ tgʷmamin.

  issfal iwiz ar tt ḥucn imurar, ar zɣ gisn itt ffaɣ yan lli gisn ur itahln, lli isiggiln s litihal, ar izzigiz ar itt ḥwac ar d ilkm dar tmurar tilli illan g uwtay n litihal, iẓli talli ira yamẓ as afus, ikcm gratsnt ar disnt itt ḥwac, iɣ ẓṛan middn sin iɛzray munn g uḥwac, ar tt ili tɣʷrit, luḥn inn fllasn middn ijjign d lḥbaq d waqqayn n tisnt, ig mayan tamatart izwarn i tmɣra n imal.

- ahyyaḍ :

 ur igi yan uḥwac, iga uhyyaḍ mnnaw iḥwacn, illa uhyyaḍ n iḥaḥan, ili uhyyaḍ n awluẓ, ili uhyyaḍ n uzaɣar n tznit, d uhyyaḍ n taskiwin, tili yat trabbut ismrksn ngr taḍṣa d tunnunt d uḥwac, tga s ism ihyyaḍn, tarabbut lli ittawssann s wassaɣ n tarwa n sidi ḥmad umusa.

  iɣ nna ahyyaḍ nra s wawal yan wanaw n uḥwac illan g (awluẓ - iḥaḥan -tiznit - ida uknsus) d iẓḍaṛ a ili ɣ idɣarn yaḍn g sus.

  ili yan wanaw n uẓawan illan g uḥwac n taskiwin lli nbdr, ittawssan s imussutn nns sis iẓlin d uẓawan nns, ar as tt inin ahyyaḍ n taskiwin.

  ur nssn mani twala tawaltt ad n uhyyaḍ g umawal amaziɣ, is iga assaɣ n ufgan niɣ ism n udɣar niɣ win kra imiss. macc tawalt ad tzdi ixf nns d uggar d irgazn lli itt ilin ɣ trubba willi ismrksn ngr taḍṣa d tunnunt awd aḥwac, ig wassaɣ n ku yan gisn ahyyaḍ, iga uḥwac n ihyyaḍn aḥwac bahra yutn s iẓuṛan ɣ umzruy, aḥwac  ad illa g uzaɣar n tznit zɣ wahli n tasutin, ilaq a ig uẓuṛ nns amzwaru azaɣar n tznit, macc kra imrzutn yaḍnin ar tt inin, mas d ikka uḥwac n ihyyaḍn tamazirt n iḥaḥan, gn iḥaḥan aẓuṛ izwarn n uḥwac ad, immuddu s uzaɣar n tznit g umzwaru n tasut mrawt d kkuẓ ahijri, tigira n tasut tis ttẓa n tlalit, lliɣ tlkm tnbaḍt n umɣar (agilul iḥiḥi) azaɣar n sus ngr (1314 h -1896 t) d (1318 h - 1900 t). lliɣ tt inn ikka umɣar ad iḥml bahra aḥwac d iwiz, ikka tt inn ar isffuglu s uḥwac ɣ wakud n imnɣi, iɣ dars munn imɣarn d imnayn d inmɣuṛn n tqbilin, lli issutln i tiznit. macc aẓuṛ n uhyyaḍ n awluẓ ifss fllas umzruy ur issn yan mani igan aẓuṛ nns amzwaru.

  iga  uhyyaḍ aḥwac lli illan ɣ kigan n tmnaḍin n sus, ar ti tt ḥuwcn irgazn, ar gis kkatn allun ar smurign ili dis lɛwwad d nnaqus, ili uhyyaḍ ɣ illa wallun ur gis illi umarg.

- ddrst :

  ar  tt inin i trabbut n middn…tajjuqt… n irgazn niɣ timɣarin niɣ tifrxin niɣ dd igḍaḍ d imilliwn… inin adrras i ugadr igzzuln, niɣ i kra n tgudit n iẓṛan imunn yat f iggi n yat. zɣ zikk gan middn assaɣ n ddrst i wanawn n iḥwacn ɣ mmrwin iẓawann d imussutn…kra iga tt tamazirt manik dars iga uḥwac n ddrst.

• g udrar n drn n waṭlas mqquṛn : 

llan sin wanawn d twila n uḥwac n ddrst. amzwaru illa g ( imi n tanut - imntagn - ida umḥmud) ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn d tfrxin lli ur itahln, gn sin imaɣʷdn imgabaln, ar smurign ar tt ḥwacn.

ili wis sin illa ɣ tqbilin n (ida uzdaɣ) ɣ imadliwn n iffus n udrar n drn, iẓẓlmḍ n nnabha d ixf n wasif. aḥwac ad n ddrst ar gis tt ḥuwcn irgazn ɣ yan umaɣʷd, ilint tfrxin ar disn  tt ḥwacnt ɣ mnid nnsn, ar tt ḥwacnt tfrxin ɣ wanaw ad n uḥwac s mknna rant s tɣarast lli tnt issusmn, ḥma ad tsbaynt afulki nnst, iwalli rant issusmtnt. tamẓ ɣ ufus nns yan ujway umlil ig tamatart n uɣus d wafulki.

 g tmnaḍt n ( ida uzdaɣ) ar smurign tamdyazt n ( tazrart) tga tamdyazt bahra iɣzzifn ar tti tt ggan ɣ umarg n uḥwac n ddrst. g ( awluẓ) ar tt inin i  uḥwac n ddrst ( ajjukṛ), lliɣ a ssfaln aḥwac s uẓawan idrusn, ar itt aywwul imikk s imikk ar d lkmn ttmi n zzrb ɣ uḥwac, ar ti ttḥwacn irgazn awd timɣarin. ɣ (taliwin) ar as tt inin ddrst, ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn waha, irwas uḥwac nnsn win awluẓ, acku lliɣ mḥadan iqbiln ad s sin.

• g udrar n waṭlas mẓẓiyn : 

ɣ tmizar ad n waṭlas mẓẓiyn llan sin wanawn n ddrst g tmnaḍt n (waqqa) d ( ṭaṭa), immrwas uḥwac n ṭaṭa d waqqa ɣ uẓawan  d imussutn n uḥwac ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn. ili yan wanaw g tznit ar as tt inin aḥwac, irwas wad illan g waqqa d ṭaṭa, macc nttan iga win  tmɣarin waha.

tawalt n ddrst tga ism n middn lli itt ḥuwcn, macc aḥwac nttan iga anawn.

- aḥwac n ismgan :

   tlla zɣ kigan n tasutin yat tzdayt, ngr tmurt n lmṛṛuk d ugʷns n tfriqt, iffus n wasif n ssinigal, gant tzdayin ad tin tdamsa d umzruy, drun taɣrma nnsn, waxxa iɣzzif ubrid, macc iga ifili n umṣawaḍ ngr tmizar d tqbilin lli gis izdɣn.

   imlal uzaɣar n sus i wagʷns n tfriqt, tili dars tazdayt tazaykut d ufgan n ugʷns n tfriqt, tmsasa tẓuṛi d tayyaḍ, mmrksnt tawssniwin, ɣikan ar t nẓṛṛa ɣ tẓuṛi nnɣ lli aɣ  d ifl umzruy, zund aḥwac g uẓawan nns awd imassn nns awd imussutn nns.

 g uzaɣar n sus llan kigan n iḥwacn lli iẓlin s uẓawan n (tgnawit), d imiss n uẓawan (ganga) d (tqrqawin), ili uḥwac ad s ism aḥwac n ismgan. ar nttafa ḥawac ad  g iẓlmaḍn d iffusn n laṭlas mẓẓiyn d isktann d taliwin, d waqqa d ṭaṭa, d ixf n wasif, d iftasn n mugadir, d iffus n laṭlas mqquṛn.

  d lliɣ iga uẓawan n (tgnawit) zɣ wasif n smmus n uẓawan, imsasa d imurig n ṛṛways lli awd nttan illa yadda f wasif ann n smmus.

a illi immaln mas iga uẓawan amaziɣ aẓawan n tfriqt s uẓuṛ ig iwis n wakal nns.

 aḥwac n ismgan illa ɣ kigan n tmnaḍin n sus d dra d kra zɣ lḥuz, ar itt ili ɣ tffugliwin n tmaɛcuṛt, d tmɣriwin n ismgan ɣ zikk.

- taḥwact :

 illa uḥwac ad ɣ imadliwn iffusn n waṭlas mqquṛn, ig uḥwac ad win irgazn, ar gis tt munn imdyazn ar smazɣn amṣawaḍ gratsn s umdyaz, ili gis imussutn sis iẓlin ar as tt inin (taruzi), illa uḥwac g ( awluẓ - tiznit), aḥwac ann n awluẓ iga am walli illan g imadliwn n drn. win tznit d mad as issutln iga win tmɣarin, ar gis smurignt s tutlayt n tmaziɣt d ddarija.

g tmnaḍin n (ṭaṭa - waqqa - lfija - fum lḥṣn - ibuzbun - awluẓ - induzal - ayt smk - tasktant - intawn …) gan i uḥwac mknna iga wanaw nns  ism n ( awgal), d ig bahra aḥwac n tmaɣarin.

  tlla yat tḥwact ttawssan ɣ (taliwin) d ( ayt waẓkit) d ( igluwa), tla ism n ( tabluydit), ig uḥwac ad win irgazn, ar sis sffuglun ɣ tmɣriwin mqquṛnin, tili tayyaḍ tla ism ( butska), iga uḥwac win irgazn d win tmɣarin.

- ahnaqqaṛ : 

illa uḥwac ad g tmnaḍin n ( ṭaṭa - lfayja - d tiniri / tnzruft n dra - d tqbilin n ida uknsus - tafrawt - ida ugniḍif- isaffn - awluẓ - isndaln …) ur yukz yan g umawal ma igan ahnaqqaṛ, macc zund tawalt ad tlla g umawal atargi, nkk nniɣ mas tdwr tawalt zɣ tawalt n uhggaṛ lli igan assaɣ n yat tqbilt n itargin n tiniri, tg tawalt ad ɣikad (ahnaqqaṛ).

- laɛwwad :

iga laɛwwad imiss n uẓawan, s tutlayt n tmaziɣt ig ( tagʷmamt), iman uẓawan n tgʷmamt d wallun, tga tagʷmamt imiss bahra igan azayku ɣ tussna tamaziɣt, tman d uẓawan drant trubba awd tg tad igan tin yan.

iɣ isinṣg ugʷmam, ar dis itt mun ubrdakk n irgazn d iḥwacn ɣ llan imussutn iggutn. d ṛṛways n tilluna ar tt munn d wasif n uẓawan lli tgli tgʷmamt. ar nn nttafa aẓawan n laɛwwad g tanila n mugadir (iḥaḥan) d dar tqbilin n ida ubuzya d intugga d tqbilin n ayt xṭṭab.

- ajmak :

aḥwac ad ittawssan g ( actukn - imi mqquṛn - ayt mẓal - ihlaln - ayt wadrim - sidi ɛabd llah lbucwari - tizi n takuct - targa n ticka - xmis ayt musa - iwsimn - tanalt - ayt walyaḍ - ayt baha udrar - ayt baha umlal - azaɣar n tiznit …), ar gis tt ḥwacn irgazn d tmɣarin, g sin imaɣʷdn ingabaln.

- baɛṛṛuj : 

iga aḥwac iẓlin s tmɣarin, ar tt ḥwacnt ɣ tsutlt iqqnn ar gis kkatnt (awgal), tla s ism baɛṛṛuj. illa uḥwac ad g uzaɣar n sus.

- amdyaz n usays :

mqqar d kcmnt tawssniwin d ikkan bṛṛa n wakal n tmazɣa, d kigan n iswingimn yaḍn d tɣrmawin yaḍn, ɣaman imaziɣn ḥḍan tamagit nnsn d tussna nnsn f iggi n wakal n tmurt nnsn (tamazɣa).

  g tinml n usays, ur illi unmɣuṛ d wad mẓẓiyn, ar gis ttmunan middn akkʷ mknna gan d aynna mi walan, ḥma ad ssfldn i bab n umarg d usmazɣ n wawal.

 nssn bab n umdyaz s kigan n ismawn (amarir - anḍḍam - amdyaz - anccad …), macc wanna iran a ikcm asays a ig bab n wawal, iqqand ad gis ilint tmatarin lli igan tin id bab n usmazɣ n wawal.

 akud n umdyaz ɣ tuẓẓumt n usays iṭṭf atig iggutn, d iɣ kullu fssn middn, igli nttan aswingm iẓli tawalin.

  timatarin lli ittilin ɣ umdyaz :

• a issn isaffn n umdyaz, ikti iwutta nns.

• ad tg tutlayt nns tamaziɣt g llan inzitn.

• a ig bab n tussna irar taɣḍft s iskkinn n tudrt n ugdud nns.

• a ifrrz awal, ig argaz mmi izga ils.

• a ig ils nns, ils yaẓn ul d unlli.

• a ur ikkṛḍ yan s uzawar, ingara d wawal lli rad d yall imnɣi ngr tqbilin.

• a ig bab n ils ismazɣn tutlayt.

  ig ( ujmmaɛ - aẓuliḍ - ṛṛays uṭṭalb lmẓuḍi), willi bahra ittawssann g sus d lḥuz, mas gan imdyazn n isuyas. illa wanawn yaḍn n iḥwacn ɣ llan imdyazn ɣ kigan n tmnaḍin timaziɣin am ( aḥidus) g tmazirt n ẓayan (laṭlaṣ), ar gis tt ilin inccadn itt nḍamn s umdyaz amaziɣ.

  ɣ uḍṛiṣ ad nbdr kra zɣ anawn n iḥwacn imaziɣn lli bahra ittawssann, nssfal tirra n uḍṛiṣ ad s wanaw lli bahra ssnn middn, macc iɣama sul mayad iẓlin s uẓawan amaziɣ ira sul kigan n twwuri d irzzutn, ḥma a nfk imann i kra wanawn n iḥwacn lli itt afuḍn ar tt nɣubun zɣ tmyurin n umaziɣ.

amara : lmsɛudi muḥmmad.

- iɣbula n inɣmisn illan g uḍṛiṣ ad :

- أحمد بوزيد الكنساني, أحواش : الرقص و الغناء الجماعي بسوس, عادات و تقاليد, منشورات عكاظ, الرباط, 1996.
- عمر أمرير, حفلات الزواج و الحب في الأطلس الكبير, التراث الشعبي, العدد12 السنة 1977.
- أحمد عصيد, بيان ضد الفولكلور, مجلة تاوسنا, العدد1 يناير 1995 ص 3 .
- محمد أقوضاض, شعرية السرد الأمازيغي, منشورات المعهد الملكي للثقافة الأمازيغية, مطبعة المعارف الجديدة الرباط,2008.